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Allen D. Candler

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Allen D. Candler
56th Governor of Georgia
In office
October 29, 1898 – October 25, 1902
Preceded byWilliam Y. Atkinson
Succeeded byJoseph M. Terrell
14th Secretary of State of Georgia
In office
1894–1898
Preceded byPhilip Cook, Sr.
Succeeded byWilliam C. Clifton
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia's 9th district
In office
March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1891
Preceded byEmory Speer
Succeeded byThomas E. Winn
Member of the Georgia Senate
In office
1878–1880
Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
In office
1873–1878
Personal details
Born
Allen Daniel Candler

(1834-11-04)November 4, 1834
Auraria, Georgia, U.S.
DiedOctober 26, 1910(1910-10-26) (aged 75)
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseEugenia Williams
ResidenceGainesville, Georgia
Alma materMercer University
Occupation
  • Teacher
  • farmer
  • railroad owner

Allen Daniel Candler (November 4, 1834 – October 26, 1910), was a Georgia state legislator, U.S. Representative and the 56th Governor of Georgia.

Early life

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Candler was born the eldest of twelve children to Daniel Gill Candler and Nancy Caroline Matthews[1] in Auraria, Georgia, in Lumpkin County, a mountainous mining community. Candler attended country schools and then Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, graduating in 1859. Candler studied law briefly, and then taught school.

Civil War

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In May 1862, Candler enlisted as a private in the Confederate 34th Georgia Volunteer Infantry, and was immediately elected a first lieutenant by the members of his company. Candler fought in some of the Civil War's most brutal battles: Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta, and Jonesboro. By war's end, he was serving as a colonel under General Joseph E. Johnston in the Army of Tennessee in North Carolina. He was wounded at Kennesaw and lost an eye in Jonesboro. At the end of the war, he quipped that he was more fortunate than many of his comrades -- "I counted myself quite wealthy [with] … one wife, and baby, one eye, and one silver dollar."[2]

Political life

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After the war, Candler settled in Jonesboro, Georgia, then Gainesville, Georgia. He turned to farming, then politics; he was one of many conservative Democrats pushing to wrest control of the state back from the Reconstruction Republican state government, which was backed by the occupying Union Army. In 1872, he was elected Mayor of Gainesville. In 1873, he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives, serving there until his election to the Georgia Senate in 1878, where he served just two years. During this time, Candler was also involved in manufacturing and was the president of a railroad.

In 1882, Candler was elected to the 48th Congress, serving in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1883 to 1891.[3] In 1886, he triggered a community conflict when he proposed a piece of legislation on behalf of some of his constituents. The law would set aside federal pension funds "for the relief of the First Georgia State Troops," the regiment organized by Union officer James G. Brown in 1864. Almost immediately after Congressman Candler offered his pension bill, north Georgia rebels burst into angry protest, calling the soldiers "first Georgia hogback Yankey fellers."[4]

In his third term as U.S. Representative, he was the chairman of the Committee on Education. Candler declined to run again in the 1890 election.

Candler served as Secretary of State of Georgia from 1894 to 1898 before resigning to pursue the Governorship. Campaigning as the "one-eyed ploughboy from Pigeon Roost" he won with 70% of the vote against Populist candidate J. R. Hogan. After a first two-year term, Candler was returned to office in 1900, defeating Populist candidate George W. Trayler.

Governor Candler (just to left of center) with U.S. President William McKinley (to his right) reviewing the parade at the Atlanta Peace Jubilee, December 15, 1898.

Candler was known as a conservative governor. While he established pensions for Confederate widows, he otherwise cut back both taxes and government expenditures. Candler pushed for the establishment of a whites-only Democratic primary based on the legal notion that the Democratic Party was a private organization and therefore not subject to the Fifteenth Constitutional Amendment giving all Americans the right to vote, regardless of race. Since the Democratic Party had a monopoly on power in Southern states, the real selection of officeholders in Georgia occurred during the Democratic primary to select Democratic candidates for the fall general election. Democrats consistently won all of these offices from the end of Reconstruction in 1871 until the 1970s.

Candler's tenure as governor coincided with some of the most violent lynchings in Georgia's history.[5] Although he publicly denounced mob violence, at the same time he blamed the victims of these incidents on black criminality and the increasing annoyance among whites of blacks demanding equal treatment.[6] In an incident which culminated with the notorious lynching of Sam Hose in 1899,[7] he berated the "better class" of blacks for not aiding authorities in his apprehension. These views were prominently printed in the Atlanta newspapers alongside those of the editors which urged the mobs on.[8] Candler did ask the courts for speedier trials to head-off mob violence.

Work on Georgia's archives

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After leaving the Governor's office, Candler served as the State's first compiler of records.

Death and legacy

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He died in 1910 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was buried at Alta Vista cemetery in Gainesville.

Candler County, Georgia, was named in 1914 for Candler in appreciation for his passion and diligence in compiling and editing nearly thirty volumes of the State's historical records from the Colonial, Revolutionary and Confederate periods.

Notes

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  1. ^ Butts, p. 87
  2. ^ Coleman, Kenneth (2010). American National Biography. London: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  3. ^ "Candler campaign button". Campaign Materials Collection, Georgia Capitol Museum, University of Georgia Libraries. Digital Library of Georgia. Archived from the original on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  4. ^ Sarris, Jonathan Dean (2006). A Separate Civil War : Communities In Conflict In The Mountain South. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. p. 176. ISBN 9780813925493.
  5. ^ Brundage, pg. 202
  6. ^ Arnold, Edwin T. (2009). 'What Virtue There Is in Fire' : Cultural Memory and the Lynching of Sam Hose. Athens: University of Georgia Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0820340647.
  7. ^ Grem, Darren E. (2006). "Sam Jones, Sam Hose, and the Theology of Racial Violence". Georgia Historical Quarterly. 90 (1). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  8. ^ Davis, p. 115

References

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  • Butts, Sarah Harriett, Mothers of Some Distinguished Georgians, J.J. Little & Co., 1902
  • Brundage, William Fitzhugh, Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880-1930, University of Illinois Press, 1993, ISBN 0-252-06345-7
  • Davis, Leroy, A Clashing of the Soul: John Hope and the Dilemma of African American Leadership and Black Higher Education in the Early Twentieth Century, University of Georgia Press, 1998, ISBN 0-8203-1987-2
[edit]
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for Governor of Georgia
1898, 1900 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia's 9th congressional district
March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1891 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Secretary of State of Georgia
1894–1898 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of Georgia
1898–1902 		Succeeded by
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